Full-field pulsed magneto-photoelasticity – Experimental Implementation

This paper contains a description of the experimental procedure employed when using a pulsed-magneto-polariscope (PMP) and some initial full-field through-thickness measurements of the stress distribution present in samples containing 3D stresses. The instrument uses the theory of magneto-photoelasticity (MPE), which is an experimental stress analysis technique that involves the application of a magnetic field to a birefringent model within a polariscope. MPE was developed for through-thickness stress measurement where the integrated through-thickness birefringent measurement disguises the actual stress distribution. MPE is mainly used in toughened glass where the through-thickness distribution can reduce its overall strength and so its determination is important. To date MPE has been a single-point 2D through-thickness measurement and the analysis time is prohibitive for the investigation of an area which may contain high localised stresses. The pulsed-magneto-polariscope (PMP) has been designed to enable the application of full-field 3D MPE [ ]. Using a proof-of concept PMP several experimental measurements were made, these were promising and demonstrate the potential of the new instrument. Further development of this technique presents several exciting possibilities including a tool for the measurement of the distribution of principal stress difference seen in a general 3D model

ِDiagnosis of causes of suppurative arthritis in sheep in Mosul, Iraq

The prevalence of suppurative arthritis in one hundred sheep from both sexes and different ages were studied. Aspiration of synovial fluid from knee joint of animals showed signs of lameness with reluctant to move in addition to decrease in the body weight and loss of appetite. Physical and bacterial examination of the synovial fluid was revealed green color, turbid and containing pus. Mucin clot showed difference in degree of clotting, and increased number in leukocyte, neutrophile but decreased in lymophocytes and monocyte. The result showed that Streptococcus dysagalactiae was predominate 61.1% while Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the less 5.5%, also the result showed that all the strains were more sensitive to the Ciprofloxacin. This study is considered to be the first attempt to isolate bacteria from Sheep joints in Mosul-Iraq

Nano-Silica Modified Recycled Aggregate Concrete: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure

Sustainability of concrete could be enhanced by incorporating recycled aggregate in the production of concrete. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of using nano-silica (nanoparticles of SiO2) to improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) containing recycled aggregate (RA) derived from processing construction and demolition waste of concrete buildings. In this study, compressive strength of concrete and the microstructure of RA and RAC with and without nanoparticles of SiO2 were examined. Nine mixes: one control mix with natural aggregate without nanoparticles, two mixes with RA at 50% and 100% contents (without nano-silica) and three mixes for each content of RA with nano-silica content of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% (by mass of cement) were investigated. The results showed that nanoparticles of silica can improve the compressive strength and modify the microstructure of RAC

Mechanical and Fracture Parameters of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforcement Concrete Cured via Steam and Water: Optimization of Binder Content

An investigational study is conducted to examine the effects of different amounts of binders and curing methods on the mechanical behavior and ductility of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concretes (UHPFRCs) that contain 2% of Micro Steel Fiber (MSF). The aim is to find an optimum binder content for the UHPFRC mixes. The same water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.12 was used for both water curing (WC) and steam curing (SC). Based on the curing methods, two series of eight mixes of UHPFRCs containing different binder contents ranging from 850 to 1200 kg/m3 with an increment of 50 kg/m3 were produced. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static elastic module, flexural tensile strength and the ductility behavior were investigated. This study revealed that the mixture of 1150 kg/m3 binder content exhibited the highest values of the experimental results such as a compressive strength greater than 190 MPa, a splitting tensile strength greater than 12.5 MPa, and a modulus of elasticity higher than 45 GPa. The results also show that all of the improvements began to slightly decrease at 1200 kg/m3 of the binder content. On the other hand, it was concluded that SC resulted in higher mechanical performance and ductility behavior than WC

Mechanical properties and fracture parameters of ultra high performance steel fiber reinforced concrete composites made with extremely low water per binder ratios

This study examines the effects of high-volume micro-steel fibers (MSF) content on the mechanical properties, fracture parameters, and ductility of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRCs). The MSFs used in this experiment had an aspect ratio of 37.5 with average length of 6 mm. The investigated parameters include very low water/binder (w/b) ratio and fiber content. Sixteen UHPFRC mixes were examined, eight mixes were made with w/b of 0.12 and eight fiber contents (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5, 4%) while the other eight mixes were made with the same fiber contents but with w/b of 0.14. The UHPFRC mixes were examined for various strengths (compressive, splitting tensile, flexural), elastic modulus, and fracture parameters. The experimental results showed that the mixture with 4% of MSFs content and 0.12 w/b ratio exhibited a compressive strength of more than 160 MPa, splitting tensile strength higher than 12 MPa, and modulus of elasticity greater than 43 GPa. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that with increasing MSFs content from 0 to 4% the load–displacement behavior, ductility, and all other fracture parameters were improved significantly

Statistical Analysis and Prediction Models for Performance of Re-mixed Concrete in Hot Climate Regions

Prediction models are proposed to estimate features such as strength and physical properties of concrete mixes which are subjected to re-mixing process. The effects of re-mixing concrete mixes after adding additional water on the physical properties (final slump, dry unit weight and pulse velocity) and hardened concrete strength (compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, modulus of rupture, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity) of concrete at 7 and 28 days are studied. The empirical equations are proposed in terms of the fresh properties according to the characteristics of the mixture of concrete (ratio of water to cement, humidity, mix air content, mix temperature, proportions of mix and unit weight). It is concluded that the predicted values using the developed models fairly agree with the experimental results collected from previous studies

Study the Effect of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract on ‎Induce Experimental Brain Poisoning in Rabbits

   ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺼُﻤّﻤّﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ العلاجي ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻴﻠﻭﺒﺎ  Ginkgo biloba ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩ ﻟﻠجهاز العصبي ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺯﺌﺒﻕ . ﻗﺴﻤﺕ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ اربعة ﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ، ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺕ ﻜﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻭﻤﻠـﺕ ﺒـﺎﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤـﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ، وﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﻁﻴﺕ كلوريد الزئبق ﻓﻤﻭﻴﺎﹶ بجرعة 0,12 ملغم/ ﻜﻐﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ سبعة ﺍﻴﺎﻡ,  والمجموعه ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اعطيت كلوريد الزئبق فمويا ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻋﺔ 0,12 ملغم/ ﻜﻐﻡ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻴﺎﻡ ﺜﻡ ﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﻤﺩﺓ 25 ﻴﻭﻡ بتركيز 250 ملغم/ﻜﻐﻡ / ﻴﻭﻡ ، ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺍعطيت ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟرابعه ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻴﺎﻡ ﺜﻡ ﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ 500 ملغم /ﻜﻐﻡ /ﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺘﻭﻨﻲ . عوملت ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎﹶ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ  وﺒﻌﺩ 24 ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺭ ﺠﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﻁـﺎﺓ ﺸﺭﺤﺕ الحيوانات ﻭﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ. ﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ نسيج ﺍﻟدماغ . وأدت ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ الى ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻭنسيج ﺍﻟدماغ.   The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic role of the water extract of leaves of ginkgo biloba plant against the acute poisoning of the nervous system caused by exposure to mercury. Experimental animals were divided into four groups. The first group was treated as a control group treated with physiological saline solution. The second group was given mercury chloride at 0.12 mg / kg . bw for seven days. The third group was given mercury chloride orally at 0.12 mg / Kg for five days and then injected under the peritoneal membrane with water extract for leaves of ginkgo plant for 25 days at a concentration of 250 mg / kg / day, while The fourth group gave mercury chloride for five days and then injected with the water extract of the leaves of the ginkgo plant at a concentration of 500 mg / kg / day under the peritoneal membrane. All groups were treated daily according to prescribed doses and 24 hours after the last given dose, the animals were explained and the study criteria were met. Mercury treatment caused obvious tissue changes in brain tissue. The treatment with water extract of leaves of the ginkgo plant led to improvement in brain cells and tissues

Religion as a barrier to the use of student loans for higher education:a community‐based participatory study with Somalis living in England

The unwillingness of the Somali community to finance higher education has largely gone unnoticed within the academic literature and government policy documents. This study explores the role of religion and the influence of Shari'ah scholars on the use of interest‐bearing student loans within the Somali community. In the absence of any theoretical framework on this topic, we explore the multiple socioeconomic factors that may influence the attitude, perception of need, motivation and action of using student loans for higher education, by proposing the UK Somali Muslims Acceptance of Interest‐bearing Student Loan Model. This is also a community‐based participatory study that actively involved Somali community members in exploring and interpreting the results. This was achieved through regular consultations with the sampled Somali Muslim communities within the UK. Our results contribute to the broader debate on the effect of cultural, religious and social values of marginalised communities on inclusion and widening access policies for higher education. The findings reemphasise that people sharing the same location do not necessarily share the same level of opportunities for higher education because of the intersectionality of race, religion, gender and class. The results also show the complexity of the issue of exclusion and the atheoretical nature of student loans as a financial instrument for improving financial inclusion and widening access to higher education among Somali residents in England

Experimental Performance Investigation of Domestic Refrigerator Charged by R600a and R134a

تمت دراسة اداء منظومة تبريد تعمل بانضغاط البخار (ثلاجة منزلية) شحنت بمائعي التبريد (R600a) و (R134a) دراسة عملية. وتم اقتراح مائع التبريد (R600a) كمائع بديل عن مائع التبريد التقليدي (R134a)، وكان التحقيق العملي لعدة عوامل تشغيلية مؤثرة للمنظومة مثل: التاثير التبريدي للمبخر (RE)ونسبة الانضغاط (Pr) وكمية الحرارة الملفوظة في المكثف (qcond) ودرجة حرارة المبخر المخصص للتجميد (FE) ودرجة حرارة المبخر الثانوي المخصص للتبريد (RE). وقد تبين من النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها ان استبدال (R134a) بـ (R600a) مقبول و منطقي خاصة بقارنة النتائج و السلوك المتشابة للمائعين بدراسة العوامل المشار اليها اعلاه .اعظم وادنى تفاوت في نسبة الانضغاط كان يتراوح بين (8%) الى (23%) على التوالي، بينما معامل اداء المنظومة (COP) للمائع (R600a) كان اقل من (COP) للمائع (R134a) بمقدار (12%) تقريبا وبالرغم من وجود أختلاف بين المائعين لكن يمكن اعتبار نتائج (R600a) مقبولة واعتباره بديلا ناجحا للمائع (R134) كون (ODP) له  تعادل صفرا و(GWP) قليلة جدا يمكن اهمالها وهذان المؤشران مهمين جدا للبيئة والحفاظ على معدل درجة الحرارة والمناخ . The performance of vapor compression refrigeration (domestic refrigerator) charged with (R600a) and (R134a) was experimentally studied. A new Alternative refrigerant(R600a) suggested  of the conventional (R134a).Various parameters were investigated such as refrigeration effect , pressure ratio , condenser heat rejection , evaporator capacity, RE and FE compartments temperatures .It is observed that replacing (R134a) with (R600a)  was acceptable value specially by comparing conditions closely results .The minimum and maximum deviation in pressure ratio was about (8% to 23%), respectively, and the COP of (R600a) was less than the COP of  (R134a) about (12%) .In spite of that, this reduction was considered acceptable due to ODP of (R600a) were zero and negligible by GWP.&nbsp

Influence of Farming Culture on Rituals of North Malabar Region of Kerala State

This paper forms a part of the theses entitled “Influence of farming culture on the folk arts and rituals of North Malabar region of Kerala state”. The objective of the study was to identify specific elements as influenced by farming culture and to assess their scientific rationale, if any. The research design followed was exploratory and ex post facto in nature. The study revealed that most of the rituals have been originated from an ancient agrarian society which had a deep-rooted stand in farming culture. It was also seen that these rituals, through superstitions, taboos, etc., prompted the public to conserve the ecosystem. They promoted eco-friendly sustainable farming supplementing the endeavor towards a greener Kerala